The recent outbreak of the Nipah virus in Kerala has raised significant concerns, prompting the reimposition of COVID-like restrictions in the region. The Nipah virus is a highly contagious and potentially deadly zoonotic virus that can be transmitted from animals, such as bats or pigs, to humans, and even from human to human. Unfortunately, there are no specific vaccines or treatments available for the Nipah virus, making supportive care the primary approach to managing the disease.
Symptoms of Nipah virus infection can vary from mild respiratory issues to severe encephalitis. Initial signs include fever, headaches, muscle pain, vomiting, and sore throat, with advanced stages leading to severe respiratory problems, seizures, and even coma within 24 to 48 hours. The incubation period can range from four to 14 days, but it may extend up to 45 days.
While most survivors of acute encephalitis recover fully, approximately 20% may experience lingering neurological issues, such as seizures and personality changes, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Given the absence of specific treatments or vaccines, the WHO has designated Nipah as a priority disease in their Research and Development Blueprint. As the outbreak unfolds, intensive supportive care remains the recommended approach to managing severe respiratory and neurological symptoms caused by the Nipah virus.
